Molar-incisor hypomineralization syndrome

The hypomineralization of the incisors and molars is a developmental enamel defect affecting one to four permanent first molars frequently associated with affected incisors. The enamel breakdown is common in the affected mo­lars resulting in hypersensitivity and to dental caries development. The possible etiological factors are as­sociated with systemic cause occurring in pregnancy, around the time of birth or in the first childhood. The treatment of children affected by molar-incisor hypomineralization should be focused, first, on the diagnosis of the lesions and the establishment of caries risk. A comprehensive management of behavior and anxiety should be offered in patients with enamel cracks and exposed dentin in molars, in order to offer a painless treatment with long life restorations and proper oral health maintenance. It is also important to establish caries control procedures.