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Vol. 5 - Num. 18

Clinical Reviews

IgM against rubella in a case of maculopapular exanthema caused by Epstein-Barr virus

JC Sanz Moreno, L Seijas Martínez-Echevarría, C Febrel Bordejé, MJ Sagües Cifuentes, M Fernández Díaz, MM Mosquera Gutiérrez


Reference of this article: Sanz Moreno JC, Seijas Martínez-Echevarría L, Febrel Bordejé C, Sagües Cifuentes MJ, Fernández Díaz M, Mosquera Gutiérrez MM. IgM against rubella in a case of maculopapular exanthema caused by Epstein-Barr virus. Rev Pediatr Aten Primaria. 2003;5:225-228.

Published in Internet: 30-06-2003 - Visits: 10062

Abstract

Because the variety of virus causing maculopapular exanthemas the definitive diagnosis of these process can be complicated. Te aim of this study is to present a case that raised problems in the differential diagnosis between the Epstein-Barr and the rubella viruses. A girl twenty one months-old, immunised at the 15 months of age with MMR vaccine, which presented a maculopapular exanthema of 5 days of evolution in face, neck and extremities accompanied by febricula, cough, coriza and cervical adenopathies was studied. The hemogram and the biochemical tests revealed a discreet leucocytosis (with prevalence of lymphomonocytes) and elevation of transaminases. The serological results showed a profile of recent infection by Epstein Barr virus (positive result for IgM-VCA and negative for IgGVCA and IgG-EBNA). Other serological positive results included IgM and IgG against rubella (the IgG-rubella avidity index was <80%). The PCR performed in pharyngeal exudates was only positive for Epstein Barr virus. Epstein Barr virus, besides being a possible agent producing of exanthemas, is a polyclonal stimulator of B lymphocytes. In the present case its etiologic role seems to be evident. The detection of Epstein-Barr by means of PCR, the serological profile of recent infection by this virus, the antecedents of immunization with MMR vaccine and the result of high avidity IgG-rubella suggest that the IgM positive result against the late agent was caused by a polyclonal stimulation of lymphocytes generated after the MMR vaccination.

Keywords

Epstein-Barr virus Exanthema IgM Rubella

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