Association between meteorological factors and frequency and severity of asthma exacerbations attended in the pediatric emergency room

Object: the influence of climate on asthma exacerbations has already been demonstrated but the studies that analyze the association between different meteorological factors and acute asthma exacerbation in pediatric patients are limited. The aim of the present study is determining association between some meteorological conditions and asthma exacerbations in children in a third level referral Academic Hospital located in an oceanic-climate area.

Methods: we conducted a descriptive and retrospective study in 1 to 16 years old patients presenting with an asthma attack in the emergency department, during a 5-year period. Data about age, sex and the need for hospital admission were collected. Meteorological data (wind speed, rain, sunlight, temperature, humidity and barometric pressure) were obtained from the Environmental Research Center. The number of emergency department visits and percentage of hospital admissions were correlated to meteorological factors using logistic regression analysis.

Results: a total of 8534 asthma exacerbations were attended in the emergency department with a peak incidence in September. It was found that sunlight and rain were significantly and inversely correlated with emergency department visits and percentage of hospital admissions.

Conclusions: this study, conducted in an oceanic-climate area, confirms the previously described seasonal pattern for asthma exacerbations. We probe a statistically significant and inverse correlation between rain and sunlight and the number of emergency department visits for asthma and percentage of hospital admissions due to asthma attack.