Attention, attention: big liver and large spleen!

Transient myeloproliferative syndrome (TMPS) is a hematological abnormality characteristic of patients with Down syndrome. It appears in the neonatal period. It is characterized by a large leukocytosis in peripheral blood, at the expense of leukocytes of abnormal morphology (blasts). Patients are usually asymptomatic. In a small percentage, TMPS can manifest as severe symptoms derived from the infiltration of these cells into different organs, liver included. Hepatosplenomegaly, in fact, is a very useful guiding sign to start the diagnostic process.