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Eosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic immune-mediated disease whose incidence has been increasing in recent years. It preferentially, but not exclusively, affects men and people with a history of atopy. It is estimated that the current prevalence in developed countries exceeds 100 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. It is the most common cause of dysphagia and food impaction throughout the pediatric age, and has a negative impact on quality of life. It affects boys more than girls. Its first therapeutic step consists of: exclusion diets, proton pump inhibitors and swallowed topical corticosteroids. In refractory cases, dupilumab, a biologic with anti-interleukin 4 and 13 capacity, can be used with very promising results.