Artificial Intelligence. Challenges and concerns

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that focuses on creating systems capable of performing tasks that would normally require human intelligence. In paediatrics, AI can play an important role in the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of acute and chronic conditions in children. AI can assist paediatricians in the diagnosis of rare syndromes that are, by definition, unfamiliar to paediatricians and require knowledge of many details. It can also be used for the monitoring of growth and development and for the follow-up of patients with chronic diseases. In robotic paediatric surgery, where small organs need to be operated on, AI can also be useful.

AI requires a large amount of data for training. In the field of paediatrics, it can be difficult to obtain sufficient data due to the lack of paediatric patients and the particular sensitivity of health data.

Potential dual use and vulnerability to malicious manipulation are the main concerns.