Self-limiting sternal tumours of childhood (SELSTOC) with atypical ultrasound features and conservative management

“SELSTOC” (Self-Limiting Sternal Tumours of Childhood) are fast growing benign lesions, palpable and not painful, that affect patients in paediatric age. Although its aetiology is unknown, it has been reported to be related to an aseptic inflammatory reaction. Most of the cases already published show a typical pattern in echography, that consists of a non-vascularized dumbbell-shaped growing lump in soft tissues which does not affect  bone structures, located in the anterior and posterior part of the sternum. Unlike most cases, the case we are describing in a 9-months-old patient presents an irregular morphology that is atypical in echography, as well as limited affectation of the right subcutaneous parasternal tissue, without a depth extension of the retrosternal or intercostal areas. Wait-and-see approach was decided as well as monthly echography monitoring, whereby it was evidenced the complete resolution of the lesion within three months.

So, it is crucial to know the natural history of SELSTOC, and its typical and atypical radiological appearance, so as not to cause alarm, to choose a conservative approach and to avoid possible iatrogenic harm derived from aggressive medical actions (percutaneous biopsy or surgical removal). So, an adequate diagnostic approach, even when there are infrequent ultrasound findings, can avoid high dose ionizing radiation tests (Computed Tomography) and unnecessary referrals to more specialised hospitals.