Safe replacement of breast milk to prevent VIH vertical transmission in the Central Province of Kenia

Background: breast feeding accounts for up to 40% of perinatally acquired HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa. HIV infected mothers are advised by World Health Organization (WHO) to completely avoid breast feeding only if replacement feeding is acceptable, feasible, affordable, safe and sustainable (AFASS).

Methods: data were obtained from 3 Ministry of Health PMTCT programs in Central Province, Kenya. HIV positive pregnant women received AZT starting at 28 weeks + intrapartum SD-NVP if CD4>350 or TARGA if CD4<350. HIV exposed infants received AZT + NVP. Infant formula, water filters and thermos flasks were provided to women opting not to breast-feed their infants. ADN-PCR for HIV was obtained at 6 weeks of age.

Results: most mothers (66-96%) opted for replacement feeding (RF). Eight hundred and eighty one infants received RF either from birth or after initial breast feeding or cow’s milk. Five hundred and fifteen infants (58%) were discharged after reaching 6 months of age; 272 (31%) were still active (<6 months). There were 59 defaulters (6.7%) and 12 relocations (1.4%). Twenty three infants died (2.6%). HIV-infected infants were more than 10 times more likely to die before 6 months of age than HIV-uninfected infants [OR 10.55 (2.51-41.5) P < 0.001]. Morbidity was low; the incidence of diarrhoea and respiratory tract infection was 15.3 and 42.4 per 100 person-years respectively.

Interpretation: it is possible to support safe replacement feeding in resource-limited contexts under routine program conditions within public sector health facilities by employing a feeding methodology that is feasible for mothers and safe for infants.