Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in pediatrics. A case report

Carlos Leganés Villanueva^a, Ilaria Goruppi^a, Federica Bianchi^a, Nuria Brun Lozano^a, Elisabet Coca Fernández^b, Sonia Brió Sanagustín^b, Susana Boronat Guerrero^c

^aSección de Cirugía Pediátrica. Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Universitario de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Barcelona. España.
^bSección de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos. Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Universitario de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Barcelona. España.
^cServicio de Pediatría. Hospital Universitario de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Barcelona. España.

Correspondence: C Leganés. E-mail: cleganes@santpau.cat

Reference of this article: Leganés Villanueva C, Goruppi I, Bianchi F, Brun Lozano N, Coca Fernández E, Brió Sanagustín S, et al. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in pediatrics. A case report. Rev Pediatr Aten Primaria. 2021;23:71-4.

Published in Internet: 23-03-2021 - Visits: 5587

Abstract

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a pediatric emergency with high morbidity and mortality, related to an alteration of the dopaminergic neurotransmission system. It is characterized by hyperthermia along with muscular hypertonia, dysautonomia, and altered level of consciousness.

An early diagnosis is essential to prevent common complications such as bronchoaspiration, wear, bedsores, infectious processes, and neuropsychiatric changes. Treatment should include general support measures and symptomatic pharmacological therapy.

Although most of the cases described correspond to the adulthood, it has also been described in children and adolescents. We present a case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome in a 12-year-old adolescent with encephalopathy and spastic tetraparesis secondary to the cessation of baclofen administration.

Keywords

● Dopamine ● Hypertonia ● Neuroleptic ● Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

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